Coronal Mass Ejections
Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are large expulsions of plasma and magnetic field from the Sun’s corona.
NOAA Scales mini
R1 (Minor) Radio Blackout Impacts
HF Radio: Weak or minor degradation of HF radio communication on sunlit side, occasional loss of radio contact.
Navigation: Low-frequency navigation signals degraded for brief intervals.
More about the NOAA Space Weather Scales
Navigation: Low-frequency navigation signals degraded for brief intervals.
phenomenon
Solar Wind
The solar wind continuously flows outward from the Sun and consists mainly of protons and electrons in a state known as a plasma.
Total Electron Content
The Total Electron Content (TEC) is the total number of electrons present along a path between a radio transmitter and receiver.
Earth's magnetosphere
The magnetosphere is the region of space surrounding Earth where the dominant magnetic field is the magnetic field of Earth, rather than the magnet
Ionosphere
The Ionosphere, between 80 and ~600 km in the Earth’s upper atmosphere, is where solar radiation caused ionization creates a layer of electrons that can effect earth systems.
F10.7 cm Radio Emissions
The solar radio flux at 10.7 cm (2800 MHz) is an excellent indicator of solar activity.
Galactic Cosmic Rays
Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) are the slowly varying, highly energetic background source of energetic particles that constantly bombard Earth.
Ionospheric Scintillation
Ionospheric scintillation is the rapid modification of radio waves caused by small scale structures in the ionosphere.
Solar EUV Irradiance
Solar Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) is solar radiation that covers the wavelengths 10 – 120 nm of the electromagnetic spectrum.
